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Shinkansen Relay
The was a train service operated by Japanese National Railways (JNR) in Japan between 1982 and 1985.
When the Tōhoku Shinkansen was opened in June 1982, the planned section between in Tokyo and was not complete, with shinkansen services starting and terminating at Ōmiya Station. The ''Shinkansen Relay'' was therefore provided to shuttle passengers between Ueno and Ōmiya via the narrow gauge Tōhoku Main Line. Initially, 13 down and 14 up services operated daily, taking 26 minutes for the non-stop journey. From November 1982, the frequency was increased to 28 down and 29 up services daily, running at 30-minute intervals during the daytime off-peak.〔 Services consisted of pairs of 7-car 185-200 series EMUs, providing a total seating capacity of 848. One ''Shinkansen Relay'' service served a pair of Tōhoku Shinkansen and Jōetsu Shinkansen services.〔 Express 455 series and suburban 115 series EMUs were also used on some trains.
The ''Shinkansen Relay'' service ended on 13 March 1985, the day before the Tōhoku Shinkansen opened between Ueno and Ōmiya. The 185-200 series EMUs were reassigned for use on other Limited express services such as the ''Kusatsu''.〔
==Rapid ''Shinkansen Relay'' (1998–2001)==
The ''Shinkansen Relay'' name was reintroduced between 1998 and 2001 for morning and evening limited-stop services between and via the Musashino Line to provide connections to northbound shinkansen services for passengers originating from the Chūō Line (Rapid) area. Services were introduced in 1997 as the ''Komachi Relay'' before becoming the ''Shinkansen Relay'', and were formed of 6-car 165 and 169 series EMU formations. The services were renamed ''Musashino'' from 2001.
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